When Workload And Work Environment Shape Quiet Quitting: Empirical Evidence From Government Institutions In Indonesia
Keywords:
civil servants, public sector, quiet quitting, workload, work environment
Abstract
Quiet quitting has emerged as a growing challenge in public sector organizations, particularly in high-demand service institutions operating under geographical and resource constraints. This issue is critical because persistent employee disengagement can undermine service quality, organizational effectiveness, and the sustainability of public service delivery, especially in strategically important regions such as eastern Indonesia. This study examines the effects of workload and work environment on quiet quitting among civil servants in the Directorate General of Civil Aviation in Papua using a quantitative survey approach. Data were collected from operational-level employees in airport technical units to analyze how job demands and workplace conditions shape disengagement behavior. The findings show that excessive workload increases employees’ tendency to engage in quiet quitting, while a supportive work environment reduces such behavior. These results indicate that quiet quitting represents an adaptive response to sustained workload pressure rather than a lack of commitment in public sector organizations.References
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Alrousan, A. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Climate on Employees’ Quiet Quitting Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(1). https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00506
Alrousan, A., & Aloqaily, A. N. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Climate on Employees’ Quiet Quitting Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 14480–14490. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001040
Anand, A., Doll, J., & Ray, P. (2024). Drowning in silence: a scale development and validation of quiet quitting and quiet firing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(4), 721–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2023-3600
Atiku, S. O., Jeremiah, A., & Genty, K. I. (2025). Effects of workplace silence, quiet quitting, and quiet firing on employee turnover: evidence from the service industry. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2025-5389
Atiq, A., Sullman, M., & Apostolou, M. (2025). The silent shift: exploring the phenomenon of quiet quitting in modern workplaces. Personnel Review, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2024-1059
Budiasa, I. K. (2021). Beban Kerja Dan Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia (N. K. Suryani, Ed.; Vol. 1). CV. Pena Persada.
Chen, X., Masukujjaman, M., Al Mamun, A., Gao, J., & Makhbul, Z. K. M. (2023). Modeling the significance of work culture on burnout, satisfaction, and psychological distress among the Gen-Z workforce in an emerging country. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02371-w
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Fourth Edition (4th Edtition). Sage Publications.
Dudija, N., & Rindu Annisa Putri. (2025). The Influence of Workload Towards Burnout Among Generation Z Employees in Indonesia: The Mediation Role of Work Stress. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 27(3), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v27i3.4519
Edward, Y. R., & Purba, K. (2020). The Effect Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as Intervening Variables in PT Berkat Bima Sentana. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1552–1563. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1084
Falah, F., & Palupi, M. (2025). Quiet Quitting Behaviour as an Impact of Work Overload Mediated by Well-being and Job Stress. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(3), 460–480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i03.1770
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Gallos, P., Kalogeropoulou, M., Meimeti, E., & Vraka, I. (2025). Workload increases nurses’ quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout: evidence from Greece. AIMS Public Health, 12(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2025004
Gallup. (2025). State of the Global Workplace 2025 Report. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares : Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Porgram SmartPLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris (Edisi 2). Badan Penerbit Undip.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R (Third Edition). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. Advances in Psychology, 52, 139–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
Jhantasana, C. (2023). Should A Rule of Thumb be used to Calculate PLS-SEM Sample Size. Asia Social Issues, 16(5), e254658. https://doi.org/10.48048/asi.2023.254658
Juhaeti, Damayanti, N., & Widiastuti, D. D. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (M. Nasrudin, Ed.; Cetakan ke-1). PT Nasya Expanding Management.
Khan, Z. (2022, July 26). On quiet quitting. Tiktok. https://www.tiktok.com/@zaidleppelin/video/7124414185282391342
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Kurniawan, I. S., Yulianto, E., Hamid, H., Ardiyanto, F. D., Pamungkas, K. E., Alfikri, H. N., & Prasetyo, A. B. (2024). Mediating Emotional Exhaustion on the Effect of Workload on Quiet Quitting. GRENZE International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2732–2739. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387351667
Lestari, N. S., Zainal, V. R., Chan, S., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2024). Impact of career development, job insecurity, and tech awareness on the quiet quitting of hospitality employees in Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(3), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(1).2024.21
Mohamad Suleiman, A. (2023). Exploring work environment management boundaries using work domain analysis. Safety Science, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105922
Mohammadi, H., Ahmadi, H., & Rajabpour, E. (2024). Impact Of Toxic Work Environment On Quiet Quitting With Psychological Capital Mediation. . Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 13(1). http://publishingindia.com/jshrm/32/32122/2024/
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Katsapi, A., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Galanis, P. (2024). Poor Nurses’ Work Environment Increases Quiet Quitting and Reduces Work Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0138.v1
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Prasini, I., Gallos, P., Kalogeropoulou, M., & Galanis, P. (2024). Innovation Support Reduces Quiet Quitting and Improves Innovative Behavior and Innovation Outputs among Nurses in Greece. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 2618–2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040193
Ng, I. K. S., Goh, W. G. W., Thong, C., & Teo, K. S. H. (2025). ‘Quiet quitting’ among medical practitioners: a hallmark of burnout, disillusionment and cynicism. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 118(3), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241311059
Nguyen, H. T., & Vu, M. H. (2025). Quiet Quitting: Insights from Generation Z workers in Vietnam. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 13(01), 8267–8282. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v13i01.em08
Ramadhi, Fikriando, E., Ortega, D., Yunas, B., Relifra, & Ayu Lestari, D. (2024). Unpacking the Quiet Quitting Phenomenon: The Role of Work Stress in the Workload and Work-Life Balance. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(3), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.20414/jed.v6i3.11643
Serenko, A. (2024). The human capital management perspective on quiet quitting: recommendations for employees, managers, and national policymakers. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2022-0792
Setiabudhi, H., Suwono, Yudi, A. S., & Karim, S. (2024). Analisis Data Kuantitatif dengan SmartPLS 4 (I. P. H. H. Duari, Ed.; Cetakan Pertama). Borneo Novelty Publishing.
Sihombing, P. R., Arsani, A. M., Oktaviani, M., Nugraheni, R., Wijaya, L., & Muhammad, I. (2024). Aplikasi Smartpls 4.0 untuk Statistisi Pemula (I. Marzuki, Ed.; Cetakan 1). Minhaj Pustaka.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (Cetakan 27). ALFABETA, CV.
Suhendar, A., Setiadi, R., Artati, A., & Rohman, A. (2023). The New Trend: Why Indonesian Digital Start-Up Employees are Opting for Quiet Quitting? WSEAS Transactions on Computer Research, 11, 166–180. https://doi.org/10.37394/232018.2023.11.15
Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Analysis of The Work Environmental and Organizational Cultural Impact on The Performance and Implication of The Work Satisfaction. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 9(2), 237–246. http://ojs.unm.ac.id/iap
Talukder, M. F., & Prieto, L. (2025). A “quiet quitting” scale: development and validation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33(6), 1487–1510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2024-4182
Zhou, J., Soo, H. S., & Aziz, A. B. (2025). PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND JOB BURNOUT AS PREDICTORS OF QUIET QUITTING IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 10(4), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.46281/c9d2ab72
Alrousan, A. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Climate on Employees’ Quiet Quitting Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(1). https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00506
Alrousan, A., & Aloqaily, A. N. (2024). The Impact of Organizational Climate on Employees’ Quiet Quitting Behaviour. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 14480–14490. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001040
Anand, A., Doll, J., & Ray, P. (2024). Drowning in silence: a scale development and validation of quiet quitting and quiet firing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(4), 721–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2023-3600
Atiku, S. O., Jeremiah, A., & Genty, K. I. (2025). Effects of workplace silence, quiet quitting, and quiet firing on employee turnover: evidence from the service industry. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2025-5389
Atiq, A., Sullman, M., & Apostolou, M. (2025). The silent shift: exploring the phenomenon of quiet quitting in modern workplaces. Personnel Review, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-12-2024-1059
Budiasa, I. K. (2021). Beban Kerja Dan Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia (N. K. Suryani, Ed.; Vol. 1). CV. Pena Persada.
Chen, X., Masukujjaman, M., Al Mamun, A., Gao, J., & Makhbul, Z. K. M. (2023). Modeling the significance of work culture on burnout, satisfaction, and psychological distress among the Gen-Z workforce in an emerging country. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02371-w
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, Fourth Edition (4th Edtition). Sage Publications.
Dudija, N., & Rindu Annisa Putri. (2025). The Influence of Workload Towards Burnout Among Generation Z Employees in Indonesia: The Mediation Role of Work Stress. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 27(3), 355–372. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v27i3.4519
Edward, Y. R., & Purba, K. (2020). The Effect Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as Intervening Variables in PT Berkat Bima Sentana. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1552–1563. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1084
Falah, F., & Palupi, M. (2025). Quiet Quitting Behaviour as an Impact of Work Overload Mediated by Well-being and Job Stress. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(3), 460–480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i03.1770
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Gallos, P., Kalogeropoulou, M., Meimeti, E., & Vraka, I. (2025). Workload increases nurses’ quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout: evidence from Greece. AIMS Public Health, 12(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2025004
Gallup. (2025). State of the Global Workplace 2025 Report. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares : Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Porgram SmartPLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris (Edisi 2). Badan Penerbit Undip.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R (Third Edition). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. Advances in Psychology, 52, 139–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
Jhantasana, C. (2023). Should A Rule of Thumb be used to Calculate PLS-SEM Sample Size. Asia Social Issues, 16(5), e254658. https://doi.org/10.48048/asi.2023.254658
Juhaeti, Damayanti, N., & Widiastuti, D. D. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (M. Nasrudin, Ed.; Cetakan ke-1). PT Nasya Expanding Management.
Khan, Z. (2022, July 26). On quiet quitting. Tiktok. https://www.tiktok.com/@zaidleppelin/video/7124414185282391342
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Kurniawan, I. S., Yulianto, E., Hamid, H., Ardiyanto, F. D., Pamungkas, K. E., Alfikri, H. N., & Prasetyo, A. B. (2024). Mediating Emotional Exhaustion on the Effect of Workload on Quiet Quitting. GRENZE International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2732–2739. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387351667
Lestari, N. S., Zainal, V. R., Chan, S., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2024). Impact of career development, job insecurity, and tech awareness on the quiet quitting of hospitality employees in Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(3), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(1).2024.21
Mohamad Suleiman, A. (2023). Exploring work environment management boundaries using work domain analysis. Safety Science, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105922
Mohammadi, H., Ahmadi, H., & Rajabpour, E. (2024). Impact Of Toxic Work Environment On Quiet Quitting With Psychological Capital Mediation. . Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 13(1). http://publishingindia.com/jshrm/32/32122/2024/
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Katsapi, A., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Galanis, P. (2024). Poor Nurses’ Work Environment Increases Quiet Quitting and Reduces Work Engagement: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.0138.v1
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Prasini, I., Gallos, P., Kalogeropoulou, M., & Galanis, P. (2024). Innovation Support Reduces Quiet Quitting and Improves Innovative Behavior and Innovation Outputs among Nurses in Greece. Nursing Reports, 14(4), 2618–2628. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14040193
Ng, I. K. S., Goh, W. G. W., Thong, C., & Teo, K. S. H. (2025). ‘Quiet quitting’ among medical practitioners: a hallmark of burnout, disillusionment and cynicism. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 118(3), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241311059
Nguyen, H. T., & Vu, M. H. (2025). Quiet Quitting: Insights from Generation Z workers in Vietnam. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 13(01), 8267–8282. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v13i01.em08
Ramadhi, Fikriando, E., Ortega, D., Yunas, B., Relifra, & Ayu Lestari, D. (2024). Unpacking the Quiet Quitting Phenomenon: The Role of Work Stress in the Workload and Work-Life Balance. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(3), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.20414/jed.v6i3.11643
Serenko, A. (2024). The human capital management perspective on quiet quitting: recommendations for employees, managers, and national policymakers. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2022-0792
Setiabudhi, H., Suwono, Yudi, A. S., & Karim, S. (2024). Analisis Data Kuantitatif dengan SmartPLS 4 (I. P. H. H. Duari, Ed.; Cetakan Pertama). Borneo Novelty Publishing.
Sihombing, P. R., Arsani, A. M., Oktaviani, M., Nugraheni, R., Wijaya, L., & Muhammad, I. (2024). Aplikasi Smartpls 4.0 untuk Statistisi Pemula (I. Marzuki, Ed.; Cetakan 1). Minhaj Pustaka.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (Cetakan 27). ALFABETA, CV.
Suhendar, A., Setiadi, R., Artati, A., & Rohman, A. (2023). The New Trend: Why Indonesian Digital Start-Up Employees are Opting for Quiet Quitting? WSEAS Transactions on Computer Research, 11, 166–180. https://doi.org/10.37394/232018.2023.11.15
Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Analysis of The Work Environmental and Organizational Cultural Impact on The Performance and Implication of The Work Satisfaction. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 9(2), 237–246. http://ojs.unm.ac.id/iap
Talukder, M. F., & Prieto, L. (2025). A “quiet quitting” scale: development and validation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33(6), 1487–1510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2024-4182
Zhou, J., Soo, H. S., & Aziz, A. B. (2025). PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND JOB BURNOUT AS PREDICTORS OF QUIET QUITTING IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 10(4), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.46281/c9d2ab72
Published
2026-06-30
How to Cite
Roringkon, C. J. A., Susita, D., & Aminah, H. (2026). When Workload And Work Environment Shape Quiet Quitting: Empirical Evidence From Government Institutions In Indonesia . Kontigensi : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 14(1), 282-296. https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v14i1.944
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