The Influence Of Digital Workplace And Work-Life Balance On Employee Performance
Abstract
The acceleration of digital technology has shifted the modern work ecosystem towards a digital workplace, but on the other hand, it has created serious challenges to the work-life balance of urban workers. This study aims to empirically analyze the influence of digital workplace and work-life balance on employee performance in the metropolitan buffer area. This quantitative research with an explanatory design involved 150 formal sector employees in Bogor who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach with the help of SmartPLS 3 software. The results of the analysis show that all indicators and constructs in this study meet strong validity and reliability criteria. Hypothesis testing proves that digital workplace has a positive and significant effect on employee performance (ß = 0.466; t = 9.515; p = 0.000) with a large effect size (f2 = 0.355). Similarly, work-life balance was shown to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance (β = 0.432; t = 8.590; p = 0.000) with a medium to large effect size (f2 = 0.305). Simultaneously, the two independent variables were able to explain 38.9% of the variance in employee performance (R2 = 0.389) with a valid predictive relevance value (Q2 = 0.284). These findings confirm Job Demands-Resources Theory and Border Theory, where digital infrastructure integration and personal resource maintenance serve as complementary pillars in driving productivity. The practical implications of this study emphasize the importance of formulating HR governance based on a human-centered digital workplace to create superior and sustainable organizational performance
References
Attaran, M., Attaran, S., & Celik, B. G. (2019). Promises and challenges of cloud computing in higher education: A practical guide for implementation. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 19(6), 20-38.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands-Resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Baptista, J., Stein, M. K., Klein, S., Watson-Manheim, M. B., & Lee, J. (2021). Digital work execution: The digital workplace as an arena for agility and control. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100343
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Eurofound, & International Labour Organization. (2021). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work. Publications Office of the European Union & International Labour Organization. https://doi.org/10.2806/37411
Greenhaus, J. H., & Allen, T. D. (2021). Work-life balance: A review and extension of the literature. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (3rd ed., pp. 165–182). American Psychological Association.
Haar, J. M., Sune, A., Russo, M., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2023). A cross-national study of work-life balance and employee outcomes: The role of organizational support and national culture. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 140, 103812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103812
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hayman, J. R. (2005). Psychometric evaluation of an instrument designed to measure work life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85-91
Mercer Marsh Benefits. (2023). Health on Demand 2023: Indonesia mental health and employee well-being report. Mercer LLC.
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons
Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Bhattacharya, P. (2022). Impact of digital transformation on employee performance in emerging economies: The moderating role of organizational culture. Asian Business & Management, 21(4), 589–612. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-020-00142-3
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3 [Computer software]. SmartPLS GmbH. http://www.smartpls.com
Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. J. (2020). Work-life balance: An integrative review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 573–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9680-3
Smith, A., Johnson, R., & Williams, P. (2022). The digital workplace and employee productivity: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107120
Utami, N. M. S., & Rahyuda, A. G. (2023). Budaya kerja, fleksibilitas digital, dan kinerja karyawan pada era pasca-pandemi di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 25(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.25.1.45-58
Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2022). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 71(1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290
Wold, H. (1982). Soft modeling: The basic design and some extensions. In K. G. Jöreskog & H. Wold (Eds.), Systems under indirect observation: Causality, structure, prediction (Vol. 2, pp. 1–54). North-Holland.
Zhang, S., & Xu, Y. (2023). Digital technology adoption, work engagement, and task performance: Evidence from service sector workers. Information Systems Journal, 33(3), 512–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12410
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
